What are corns and Callus?
Corns develop as a response to repeated pressure or friction, causing the skin to thicken and form a small, concentrated area of hard skin. Often, a dense central core forms, which can press into the more sensitive tissue beneath and lead to discomfort or pain when walking.
Although they may start as a minor irritation, corns can become increasingly uncomfortable over time, particularly when pressure continues in the same area.
Understanding what contributes to their development is important, as identifying the source of pressure or friction can help reduce symptoms and prevent them from returning.
Types of corns
Hard corns
These are the most common type, appearing as small, firm areas of thickened skin. They usually develop on the tops of toes or on the soles of the feet where there is repeated pressure.
Neurovascular Corns
These are more sensitive as they involve nerve endings and blood supply. They can be painful and should be treated with care.
Soft corns
Softer in texture and often whitish in colour, these develop between the toes where moisture is present. They are commonly linked to friction between closely positioned toes.
Fibrous Corns
These form deeper within the skin and can be more firmly attached, often making them more uncomfortable and harder to treat.
Seed corns
Small, round corns that typically form on the bottom of the foot. They are often painless but may cause discomfort if located in weight-bearing areas.
Sublungual Corns
These develop beneath the toenail and can cause pressure and pain similar to an ingrowing toenail. Treatment may require specialist podiatry care.
Symptoms
When pressure and friction build up over time, corns can begin to develop and become noticeable. They typically appear as small, localised areas of hardened skin that feel distinct from the surrounding tissue, and may sometimes be surrounded by slight redness or irritation. These areas can become tender, particularly when pressure is applied during walking or when wearing shoes.
Corns form as part of the body’s natural protective response, creating thicker skin to shield the underlying tissue from repeated stress. However, this thickened area can develop a dense core, which may press into the more sensitive layers beneath and lead to discomfort or sharper pain.
They are most commonly found in high pressure areas such as the tops of the toes or the balls of the feet. Recognising these changes early can help prevent symptoms from worsening and allow for more effective treatment.
Treatments
Effective treatment of corns focuses on reducing pressure and addressing the underlying cause.
Wearing well-fitting footwear is essential. Shoes with a wider toe box can help reduce pressure on the toes and prevent further irritation. In some cases, orthotics may be recommended to improve foot function and distribute pressure more evenly.
Where structural issues such as toe deformities are present, these can increase the likelihood of corns developing. Identifying and managing these factors is important to reduce recurrence and improve long-term comfort.
Protective padding can also be used to reduce friction and relieve pressure on sensitive areas. This can provide short-term relief, particularly when combined with appropriate footwear.
For individuals with diabetes or reduced circulation, professional care is especially important. Corns should be monitored closely, as even minor pressure areas can lead to complications if left untreated.
As every case is different, a podiatry assessment can help identify the cause and provide the most effective treatment plan.
→ Book an appointment for professional corn treatment and advic