What is a fungal nail?
A fungal nail, also known as onychomycosis, is a common infection of the nail caused by dermatophyte fungi. These organisms affect the nail unit, including the nail plate and the tissue beneath it, leading to visible changes in both appearance and structure.
The infection typically causes the nail to become discoloured, often yellow, white, or brown, and can lead to thickening, brittleness, and changes in nail shape. As the condition progresses, the nail may become more difficult to trim and can lift slightly from the nail bed.
Fungal nail infections most commonly affect the toenails and can involve one or multiple nails, particularly the larger or more exposed nails. Although it may begin as a minor cosmetic concern, it is a progressive condition that affects the overall health and strength of the nail over time.
Understanding what a fungal nail is helps you recognise early changes and identify when the nail is no longer healthy, even before it becomes more advanced.
Athletes foot
Fungal skin (athletes foot) can spread from the skin into the nail and overtime, develop a fungal nail.
Weak immune system
Weaken immune system overtime. Reduces our bodies ability to fight the infection.
Warm humid environments
Warm environments, such as inside of sweaty boots all day or even just in hot humid climate increases the risk of a fungal infection.
Poor foot hygiene
Not keeping our feet clean and dry, changing our socks and shoes daily does increase the risk.
Nail trauma
Damages to the nail plate, switches sporting injuries, losing tunnels, while staying marathons, or even from repetitive use of gel, nails damages, the nail plate, which allows a portal for entry of the fungus
Ill fitting footwear
Improperly fitting footwear can cause the nail to detach from the nail bed, creating an entry point for bacteria, fungus, and moisture to penetrate, which can lead to fungal growth.
Causes of a fungal nail
Symptoms
Recognising the symptoms of a fungal nail is just as important as understanding what it is, as early changes can often go unnoticed.
Common signs include:
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Discolouration: The nail may turn yellow, white, or brown, which is often one of the first visible changes.
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Thickening: The nail can become thicker over time, making it more difficult to cut and manage.
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Brittle texture: The nail may lose its strength, becoming fragile, crumbly, or prone to breaking.
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Change in shape: As the condition progresses, the nail can appear uneven, distorted, or more curved than usual.
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Lifting of the nail: The nail may begin to separate from the nail bed, which can sometimes cause discomfort.
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Odour: In some cases, there may be an unpleasant smell associated with the affected nail.
Fungal nails do not always cause pain in the early stages, which means they can easily be overlooked. Regular podiatry care is important, particularly for those at higher risk, as it allows for early detection and timely management before the condition progresses further.
Treatments
Treatment for fungal nails depends on the severity and extent of the infection. A combination of approaches is often recommended to achieve the best results.
Topical antifungal treatments
These are applied directly to the nail and surrounding skin. They are a gentle option and can be effective in mild cases, although they require consistent use over several months.
Oral antifungal medication
For more established infections, oral medication may be prescribed. This works systemically to target the infection from within, but it may not be suitable for everyone and can require medical monitoring.
Nail debridement
This involves reducing and thinning the affected nail to improve its appearance and enhance the effectiveness of other treatments. It is commonly used alongside topical or other therapies.
Light and laser therapies
Modern light and laser treatments can be used to target fungal infection within the nail. These treatments aim to improve nail health and are often used as part of a combined treatment plan.
Nail removal (avulsion)
In more severe or persistent cases, part or all of the nail may be removed under local anaesthetic. This allows a new, healthier nail to grow back over time.
Which treatment plan is right for you?
The most suitable treatment for a fungal nail will depend on the severity of the infection, how many nails are affected, and your overall health.
Mild cases can often be managed with topical treatments and regular podiatry care, while more established infections may require a combination of therapies to achieve the best results. In some cases, oral medication or more advanced treatment options may be recommended.
During your appointment, your nail will be carefully assessed and a personalised treatment plan will be created based on your individual needs and lifestyle. This ensures you receive the most appropriate and effective care.
Early treatment is always recommended, as fungal nails can progress over time if left untreated.